Bali: Temples, Subak and Nature Experiences

Bali’s Subak Cultural Landscape and its water temples shape the island’s appeal as a destination, alongside its varied nature and marine experiences. This communal water management system dates back to the 9th century and offers a cultural perspective that extends beyond individual temple complexes. Historic sites, forests, coastlines and outdoor activities offer further ways to get to know the island.

Water Landscapes, Temples and Traditions

The Subak system includes canals and dams used collectively. Its significance is also reflected in the connection between landscape and cultural practice: the Subak landscape and its water temples are associated with rituals, offerings and artistic performances that express Tri Hita Karana. The Subak Cultural Landscape of the Pakerisan River Basin is considered Bali’s oldest known irrigation system.

Pura Taman Ayun is an 18th-century royal water temple and part of Bali’s cultural landscape. Pura Ulun Danu Batur lies on the shore of Lake Batur and is part of the Subak Cultural Landscape. Both sites show how water temples are rooted in different parts of Bali’s cultural landscape.

The location of Pura Luhur Tanah Lot can also be pinpointed: the temple is in the village of Beraban, in Kediri Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, on Bali’s southwest coast. Its Pujawali, also called Piodalan, follows the Pawukon calendar and takes place every 210 days, specifically on Budha Wage Langkir. If you would like to plan your trip around it, check local dates in advance.

Bali’s traditional dances are another cultural highlight. In 2015, their three genres were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: sacred, semi-sacred and dances intended to entertain the public. In the village of Tenganan, sustainable tourism experiences such as learning to hand-weave Pegringsingan cloth are a central focus.

Landscapes and Marine Life

West Bali National Park encompasses rainforests, dry savannas, acacia scrub, lowland and mountain forests, and mangroves. The protected area is a refuge for the Bali starling and more than 100 wildlife species. Menjangan Island in the national park is a popular diving destination.

Amed and Menjangan also offer snorkeling around coral reefs rich in marine life. The calm, clear waters are suitable for beginners, although sea conditions can vary. Those more interested in geological landscapes and inland highlights can explore two distinct attractions at the UNESCO Global Geopark Batur: sunrise hikes on Mount Batur and the hot springs of Lake Batur.

Activities and Trip Planning

Activities in Bali range from land-based pursuits to experiences on the water. Ubud and its surroundings are suitable for cycling, while white-water rafting is offered on the Ayung River near Ubud. Off the southwest coast of Nusa Penida, Manta Point and Malibu Point offer divers the chance to encounter rays and sharks. Such encounters are not guaranteed, as sea conditions vary.

The Besakih area offers spiritual programs such as meditation, trekking and Melukat. In the sacred area of Pura Agung Besakih, visitors are accompanied by a local guide during their stay. As programs and visitor regulations may change, check the current conditions before your visit.

The timing of your trip can also be important for planning. Nyepi is Bali’s sacred Saka New Year, observed by stopping all activities for one day. Check the visitor regulations for the year you plan to travel. Bali can also be reached by ferry from Lombok; check the current schedule before setting out.

Discover More Destinations

Tabanan, Klungkung, Denpasar, Buleleng, Badung, Gianyar, Karangasem, Jembrana, Tampaksiring, Abiansemal, Nusapenida, Baturiti, Seririt, Rendang, Tembuku, Negara, Sukasada, Bangli, Buleleng, North Kuta, South Kuta, Melaya and Kediri.

For the main travel overview: Indonesia.